How did JJ Thomson get the plum pudding model?

In the late 19th century, scientists were experimenting with cathode rays - streams of electrons that are emitted from the negative terminal (cathode) of a high-voltage vacuum tube. JJ Thomson, a British physicist, conducted a series of experiments with cathode rays in 1897. He found that cathode rays could be deflected by electric and magnetic fields, and he calculated that the mass of a cathode ray particle (which he called an electron) was about 1/1800 of the mass of a hydrogen atom.

Plum Pudding Model

Thomson's experiments led him to propose a model of the atom that he called the "plum pudding model." In this model, the atom was envisioned as a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded in it, like plums in a pudding. The positive charge was thought to be evenly distributed throughout the atom, and the electrons were thought to be arranged in rings around the nucleus.

The plum pudding model was a significant step forward in our understanding of the atom, but it was eventually replaced by the more accurate Bohr model, which was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913.