Why does red chilli produce burning sensation?

The burning sensation caused by red chilli peppers is due to the presence of a compound called capsaicin. Capsaicin is a phytochemical that belongs to a group of compounds known as capsaicinoids, which are found in various types of chilli peppers.

When you consume red chilli peppers, capsaicin binds to specific receptors in your mouth, nose, and other parts of your body, known as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors. These receptors are also activated by heat, hence why chilli peppers feel hot.

When capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors, it sends signals to your brain that are interpreted as a burning or stinging sensation. This is because capsaicin triggers the release of substance P, a neuropeptide involved in pain perception and inflammation.

The intensity of the burning sensation can vary depending on the concentration of capsaicin in the chilli pepper and your individual sensitivity to this compound. Some chilli pepper varieties, such as the habanero or ghost pepper, contain higher levels of capsaicin and can produce a more intense burning sensation compared to milder varieties.

It's important to note that the burning sensation caused by capsaicin is not actually harmful and usually subsides after a while. However, if you have sensitive skin or certain medical conditions, it may be advisable to avoid consuming large amounts of chilli peppers or to use them with caution.