How does a microwave work to pop kernels?

A microwave works to pop kernels by using electromagnetic waves to heat water molecules inside the kernel. As the water molecules absorb energy, they turn into steam, increasing the pressure inside the kernel. When the pressure becomes too great, the kernel explodes, releasing the starch and moisture inside and giving us the fluffy popcorn we know and love.

Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:

1. Microwave Energy: Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency range between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. When microwave energy enters the microwave oven, it interacts with the food placed inside.

2. Water Absorption: Popcorn kernels contain about 14-15% water. When the microwave energy comes into contact with the kernels, it causes the water molecules within them to vibrate and generate heat. This process is called dielectric heating.

3. Steam Formation: As the water molecules absorb energy and vibrate, they generate enough heat to transform into steam. The steam starts building up inside the kernel.

4. Pressure Increase: As more and more steam is produced, the pressure inside the kernel increases significantly. The starch and moisture inside the kernel act as a barrier, preventing the steam from escaping easily.

5. Explosion: When the internal pressure reaches a critical point, the pressure inside the kernel becomes too high for the outer hull to contain. This causes the kernel to explode, releasing the starch and moisture in the form of a fluffy popcorn kernel.

6. Expansion and Flavoring: The sudden expansion of the kernel causes the starch to puff up, creating the recognizable fluffy popcorn shape. The flavorings or seasonings added to the kernels before microwaving infuse into the popcorn during the popping process, giving it its unique taste.

7. Repeat: The process repeats for all the other unpopped kernels in the microwave until all the moisture has been converted to steam, and all the kernels have popped.

It's important to use a microwave-safe container and follow the recommended power levels and timings to ensure successful popcorn popping and prevent burning or undercooking.