Why has my bread not baked in the center?

There are several reasons why your bread might not be baking in the center. Here are some common culprits:

1. Temperature Issues:

* Oven Temperature: Your oven might not be reaching the correct temperature. Use an oven thermometer to verify the actual temperature.

* Uneven Heat Distribution: Older ovens may have inconsistent heat distribution, leading to under-baking in certain areas.

2. Dough Issues:

* Over-Proofing: Proofing the dough for too long can weaken the gluten structure, causing it to collapse in the center.

* Under-Proofing: If the dough isn't proofed enough, the gluten won't develop sufficiently to hold its shape, leading to a dense, unbaked center.

* Incorrect Flour: Using a low-protein flour can result in a bread that doesn't rise adequately.

3. Baking Technique:

* Incorrect Loaf Shape: For some loaves, particularly those with a lot of moisture, a round shape can lead to under-baking in the center.

* Overcrowding the Oven: Too many items in the oven can block heat circulation, leading to uneven baking.

* Not Rotating the Loaf: Rotating the loaf halfway through baking ensures even heat distribution.

4. Other Factors:

* Wrong Baking Pan: Using a pan that is too large or too small can affect how the bread bakes.

* Insufficient Baking Time: The bread simply hasn't been in the oven long enough to bake through.

Troubleshooting Tips:

* Use an oven thermometer: Ensure your oven is reaching the correct temperature.

* Check your dough: Make sure it's properly proofed, not too wet or dry, and that the gluten has developed.

* Preheat your oven thoroughly: This ensures even heat distribution.

* Use a baking stone: This helps to distribute heat more evenly.

* Rotate the loaf: This ensures even baking on all sides.

* Increase baking time: If the bread is still under-baked, add a few minutes to the baking time.

To get the most accurate advice, please tell me:

* What type of bread are you making? (e.g., sourdough, baguette, loaf)

* What recipe are you using?

* What is your oven like? (e.g., old, new, gas, electric)

* What are the symptoms? (e.g., just a bit raw, doughy, gummy, sunken)

With more information, I can give you more specific advice to help you solve the issue!