How bad is food additive 211?

Food additive 211, also known as sodium benzoate, is generally considered safe for consumption in moderate amounts. It is commonly used as a preservative in various food products such as soft drinks, jams, salad dressings, and pickles to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

Here are some key points regarding the safety of sodium benzoate:

1. Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS): Sodium benzoate has been extensively studied and recognized as safe by regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

2. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): The ADI for sodium benzoate, as established by JECFA, is up to 5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. This means that a person weighing 60 kilograms (132 pounds) can safely consume up to 300 milligrams of sodium benzoate per day.

3. Potential Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to sodium benzoate, although these cases are relatively rare. Symptoms of a sodium benzoate allergy can include hives, rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, and dizziness.

4. Interaction with Vitamin C: Sodium benzoate can react with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in acidic conditions, forming benzene, a known carcinogen. However, the levels of benzene produced in food products are typically very low and considered safe by regulatory agencies.

5. Hyperactivity Concerns: Some studies have suggested a link between sodium benzoate and hyperactivity in children, especially when combined with certain artificial food colors. However, further research is needed to establish a causal relationship and the current consensus is that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that sodium benzoate alone causes hyperactivity.

6. Asthma Exacerbation: Individuals with asthma should exercise caution when consuming foods containing sodium benzoate, as it may trigger asthma attacks in sensitive individuals.

Overall, sodium benzoate is considered safe for consumption in moderate amounts. However, people with known allergies to benzoates, individuals with asthma, and those concerned about potential interactions with vitamin C should exercise caution when consuming products containing sodium benzoate. As with any food additive, moderation and a balanced diet are key to maintaining good health.