What makes some seeds grow faster than others?

There are several factors that can affect the speed of seed germination and plant growth, including:

Seed size: Larger seeds generally have more stored food reserves, which can give them a head start on germination and early growth.

Seed coat: The seed coat protects the seed from damage, but it can also restrict the absorption of water and nutrients. Seeds with a thinner or more permeable seed coat may germinate more quickly.

Temperature: Most seeds germinate best within a specific temperature range. The optimum temperature for germination varies from species to species, but it is generally between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius (68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit).

Moisture: Seeds need water to germinate, but too much water can prevent oxygen from reaching the seed. The ideal soil moisture content for germination varies from species to species, but it is generally between 10 and 30%.

Light: Some seeds require light to germinate, while others do not. Seeds that require light will typically germinate more quickly if they are exposed to direct sunlight.

Soil conditions: The soil in which seeds are planted can also affect the speed of germination. Seeds planted in loose, well-draining soil will generally germinate more quickly than seeds planted in compacted or poorly-draining soil.

Seed age: Older seeds may be less viable and germinate more slowly than fresh seeds.

Seed quality: Seeds that are damaged or diseased are less likely to germinate quickly than healthy seeds.