What are the disaccharide sugars that present in diet?

There are several disaccharide sugars that are commonly present in the human diet. These disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked together. Here are some common dietary disaccharides:

1. Sucrose (table sugar): Sucrose is the most common disaccharide and is found naturally in many fruits, vegetables, and plants. It is also the primary component of granulated sugar used in food preparation and as a sweetener. Sucrose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

2. Lactose (milk sugar): Lactose is the disaccharide present in milk and dairy products. It is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in breast milk and is important for infant nutrition.

3. Maltose (malt sugar): Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose linked together. It is produced by the breakdown of starch during the process of malting barley for brewing or the production of other malt-based products.

4. Cellobiose: Cellobiose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond. It is a product of the breakdown of cellulose, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. While it is not directly present in large quantities in the human diet, cellobiose can be produced during the digestion of certain plant-based foods.

5. Trehalose: Trehalose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together by an α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It is found naturally in some plants, fungi, and insects. Trehalose is known for its ability to protect cells against desiccation and is sometimes used as a food additive for its stabilizing properties.

These disaccharides play an important role in human nutrition, providing energy and contributing to the flavor and texture of many foods. However, excessive consumption of certain disaccharides, particularly sucrose, can have negative health effects if not balanced with other nutrients and physical activity.