Can you substitute baking powder for soda?

No, you cannot simply substitute baking powder for baking soda, and vice versa. They are different leavening agents with different chemical reactions and purposes.

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) requires an acidic ingredient to activate and release carbon dioxide bubbles that make baked goods rise.

Baking powder is a pre-mixed combination of baking soda, an acidic ingredient, and a drying agent. It's already activated and does not need additional acids to work.

Here's why substituting one for the other can cause problems:

* Incorrect leavening: If you substitute baking soda for baking powder, your baked goods will not rise properly because there is no acidic ingredient to activate the baking soda.

* Unpleasant flavor: Baking soda alone can leave a bitter, soapy flavor if not neutralized by an acid.

* Texture issues: Using too much baking soda can result in a dense and rubbery texture.

When you can substitute (with adjustments):

* Baking soda for baking powder: If you're in a pinch and have baking soda but no baking powder, you can sometimes substitute it. However, you must:

* Add an acidic ingredient (like buttermilk, yogurt, lemon juice) to the recipe.

* Reduce the amount of baking soda used, typically 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda for every 1 teaspoon of baking powder called for.

* Baking powder for baking soda: This is not recommended as it will not provide the same leavening power.

It's always best to follow the recipe instructions closely. If you're unsure about substituting ingredients, it's safer to just use the ingredients listed.