What is lactulose syrup?

Lactulose syrup is a non-absorbable disaccharide that is used as a laxative and as an adjunct in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. It is composed of two monosaccharides, galactose and fructose. Lactulose syrup is usually taken orally, and it works by increasing the osmotic pressure in the colon, which in turn stimulates colonic motility and stool production. Lactulose syrup also helps to soften and increase the bulk of stool, which can make it easier to pass.

In the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose syrup works by decreasing the amount of ammonia that is absorbed into the systemic circulation from the gastrointestinal tract. Lactulose syrup is converted to lactic acid and other organic acids by bacteria in the colon. This process lowers the pH of the colon, which in turn leads to the ionization of ammonia and its subsequent trapping within the colon. Lactulose syrup is also thought to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, which may help to improve liver function.

Lactulose syrup is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including flatulence, abdominal pain, and nausea. These side effects are usually mild and go away within a few days of treatment. Lactulose syrup is contraindicated in patients with galactosemia.