What is the scientific study of how different food groups affect body?

Nutritional Science is the scientific study of how different food groups affect the body. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws on biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and other disciplines to understand how the body uses food for energy, growth, and repair. Nutritional science also investigates how food can prevent or contribute to disease.

Some of the key topics studied in nutritional science include:

* Macronutrients: These are the three main types of nutrients that the body needs in large amounts: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Macronutrients provide the body with energy and building blocks for growth and repair.

* Micronutrients: These are nutrients that the body needs in smaller amounts, such as vitamins and minerals. Micronutrients are essential for a variety of bodily functions, including metabolism, immunity, and bone health.

* Phytochemicals: These are plant compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals are found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant foods.

* Digestion and absorption: The process by which the body breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

* Metabolism: The process by which the body uses food for energy and growth.

* Body composition: The proportion of fat, muscle, and bone in the body.

* Nutritional deficiencies: Conditions that occur when the body does not get enough of certain nutrients.

* Nutritional excesses: Conditions that occur when the body gets too much of certain nutrients.

Nutritional science is a rapidly growing field, and new research is constantly emerging about the relationship between food and health. This research is helping us to understand how to make healthy choices about the foods we eat and how to prevent or reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.