What happens when turmeric is treated with alkali?

When turmeric is treated with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a number of changes occur:

Color Change: The most noticeable change is the color change. Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which is responsible for its characteristic yellow color. When turmeric is treated with an alkali, the curcumin undergoes a chemical reaction and changes color to a deep, reddish-orange. This color change is due to the formation of a compound called curcuminoid anion.

Increased Solubility: Curcumin is relatively insoluble in water, which limits its bioavailability. However, when turmeric is treated with an alkali, the solubility of curcumin increases significantly. This is because the alkali converts curcumin into its salt form, which is more water-soluble. Increased solubility enhances the absorption and bioavailability of curcumin, making it more readily available for use by the body.

Enhanced Antioxidant Activity: Turmeric is known for its antioxidant properties, which are mainly attributed to curcumin. When turmeric is treated with an alkali, the antioxidant activity of curcumin is enhanced. This is because the alkali helps to stabilize the curcumin molecule, making it more resistant to oxidation. The increased antioxidant activity of turmeric can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are linked to various chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease.

Improved Bioavailability: Treating turmeric with an alkali can improve the overall bioavailability of its bioactive compounds, including curcumin. This means that when turmeric is consumed in an alkaline medium, a greater amount of curcumin and other beneficial compounds are absorbed and utilized by the body. Enhanced bioavailability increases the potential health benefits of turmeric.

It's important to note that while treating turmeric with an alkali can enhance its beneficial properties, the exact conditions and concentrations of alkali used can impact the outcome. Therefore, it's crucial to follow recommended guidelines and consult with experts in the field to ensure proper and safe preparation methods.