Why do apple seeds grow in the spring but not summer?

Apple seeds can germinate and grow in both spring and summer. The success of germination depends on several factors, including temperature, moisture, and soil conditions. In general, apple seeds germinate best in the spring when conditions are more favorable for seed germination and seedling growth.

Here are some reasons why apple seeds may germinate more successfully in the spring:

1. Temperature: Apple seeds have a specific temperature range within which they germinate optimally. This range is usually between 40°F (4.4°C) and 77°F (25°C). Spring temperatures often fall within this range, creating favorable conditions for seed germination. In contrast, summer temperatures may be too high for apple seed germination, especially in hot climates.

2. Moisture: Apple seeds require sufficient moisture to germinate and grow. Spring is a season with frequent rainfall in many regions, providing adequate moisture for seed germination. Summer months may be drier, leading to a lack of moisture for seed germination and seedling growth.

3. Soil Conditions: Soil conditions in the spring are often ideal for seed germination. Spring soils are usually loose, well-aerated, and contain nutrients that support seedling growth. In contrast, summer soils can become compacted and dry, making it harder for seeds to germinate and seedlings to establish themselves.

4. Natural Dormancy: Some apple varieties have seeds with natural dormancy mechanisms. This dormancy prevents seeds from germinating immediately after they are produced, ensuring they don't germinate during unfavorable conditions. Spring conditions, with their warmer temperatures and increased moisture, help break the dormancy and allow the seeds to germinate successfully.

It's worth noting that while spring is generally more favorable for apple seed germination, it is not impossible for apple seeds to germinate in the summer. With proper care and attention to factors like moisture, temperature, and soil quality, apple seeds can germinate and grow successfully during summer months as well, although germination rates may be lower compared to spring.

I hope this explanation is helpful. Let me know if you have any further questions.