How does baking powder affect density?

* Leavening Action: Baking powder is a chemical leavening agent. When it mixes with moisture and heat, it releases carbon dioxide gas. This gas gets trapped in the batter, causing it to expand and become lighter.

* Air Incorporation: Baking powder also helps incorporate air into the batter during mixing. This air also contributes to the leavening process and the resulting lighter texture.

Density and Texture:

* High Density: A dense cake will be heavy, compact, and have a close, fine crumb.

* Low Density: A light cake will be airy, fluffy, and have a coarser, larger crumb.

In summary, baking powder acts as a leavening agent, making baked goods lighter and less dense by introducing air bubbles and causing them to expand during baking.