Why are baking powder and soda used in making baked goods?

Baking powder and baking soda are both leavening agents, meaning they help baked goods rise and become light and airy. They work in different ways, though:

Baking soda:

* Basic leavening agent: It's a base (alkaline) and needs an acidic ingredient in the recipe to activate. This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which creates bubbles in the batter, making it rise.

* Needs acid: Common acidic ingredients paired with baking soda include buttermilk, yogurt, brown sugar, lemon juice, vinegar, and cocoa powder.

* Stronger leavening: Baking soda creates a faster and more dramatic rise than baking powder.

Baking powder:

* Double-acting leavening agent: It contains baking soda, an acid (like cream of tartar), and a drying agent (like cornstarch). This combination allows it to react twice: once when it gets wet and again when it's heated.

* No additional acid needed: The acid within baking powder means it doesn't require an acidic ingredient in the recipe.

* More gradual rise: It produces a gentler and slower rise, making it more suitable for recipes that don't need a dramatic lift.

Why use them?

* Light and airy texture: Both leaveners help create a fluffy and airy texture in cakes, cookies, muffins, and bread.

* Expansion: They contribute to the expansion of the baked goods, preventing them from being dense and flat.

* Flavor: Baking soda can sometimes impart a slightly bitter or soapy taste if used incorrectly, while baking powder generally doesn't affect the flavor.

Choosing between baking soda and powder:

* Use baking soda: When the recipe calls for it and you have acidic ingredients, or when you need a quick and strong rise.

* Use baking powder: When the recipe calls for it, or when you don't have acidic ingredients in the recipe.

Important note:

* Using too much baking soda or powder can lead to an unpleasant taste and texture. Follow the recipe's instructions carefully.

* Both baking soda and powder lose their potency over time, so always check the expiry date.