How do you know when garlic is ready to harvest?

There are several indicators to determine when garlic is ready for harvesting:

1. Yellowing and Browning Leaves: The garlic plant's leaves will start to turn yellow, wilt, and brown as the growing season progresses. This is a natural sign that the garlic is maturing.

2. Bulb Formation: When garlic is ready to be harvested, the bulb will be firm, solid, and full. It should have developed papery skin layers that enclose the individual garlic cloves.

3. Neck Softening: The neck, or scape, of the garlic plant will soften as it matures. When the neck begins to droop and feels soft when squeezed gently, it's a good indication that the garlic is close to being ready for harvesting.

4. Number of Leaves: A mature garlic plant usually has around 10-15 leaves. If most of the leaves have withered or turned brown, it's a sign that the plant is ready.

5. Root Development: Gently dig around the base of the garlic plant. If you notice significant root development and bulb growth, it's likely time to harvest.

6. Harvest Time: Generally, garlic is ready to harvest in late summer or early fall, approximately 90 to 120 days after planting. Harvesting time varies depending on your location and climate.

7. Soil Check: Lift or loosen the soil around the base of the plant. If the bulbous head protrudes from the ground and the outer skin begins to split or burst, it's time to harvest.

Remember that harvesting slightly immature garlic is preferred over harvesting it too late. If the bulbs are left in the ground for too long, they may start sprouting, which decreases their storage life and flavor.

Always double-check with local agricultural recommendations or experienced gardeners in your area, as variations in climate and soil conditions can influence the harvest time for garlic.