What causes tomato rot on the bottom?

Tomato rot on the bottom, also known as blossom end rot, is a common physiological disorder that affects tomatoes and other crops. It is caused by a calcium deficiency in the plant, which can be triggered by a number of factors, including:

- Inadequate calcium levels in the soil: Tomatoes require a consistent supply of calcium to maintain healthy growth and prevent blossom end rot. If the soil is deficient in calcium, the plants may not be able to absorb enough of this nutrient, leading to the development of blossom end rot.

- Fluctuations in soil moisture: Sudden changes in soil moisture, such as periods of drought followed by heavy watering, can disrupt the plant's ability to absorb calcium. This fluctuation can cause the calcium to be leached out of the soil, making it unavailable to the plants.

- High levels of nitrogen in the soil: Excess nitrogen in the soil can inhibit the plant's ability to absorb calcium. This is because nitrogen and calcium compete for uptake by the plant's roots, and high levels of nitrogen can reduce the uptake of calcium.

- Damage to the plant's roots: Root damage, such as that caused by pests, diseases, or cultivation practices, can interfere with the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, including calcium. This can lead to the development of blossom end rot.

To prevent blossom end rot, it is important to ensure that the soil has adequate levels of calcium and to maintain consistent soil moisture. Avoiding high levels of nitrogen in the soil and protecting the plant's roots from damage can also help to prevent the occurrence of this disorder.