What biotic factors affect the Canterbury mudfish?

Several biotic factors can affect the Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius):

Competition for Food and Habitat: The Canterbury mudfish is a bottom-dwelling fish that feeds on invertebrates and algae in the benthic environment. Competition for these food resources can occur with other fish species or bottom-feeding organisms, such as the longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), bullies (Gobiomorphus spp.), and koura (freshwater crayfish). Similarly, the mudfish's preferred shallow, slow-flowing, and vegetated habitats may be limited, and competition for these areas can arise from other native fish species or invasive species.

Predation: The mudfish is susceptible to predation by a variety of animals, including larger fish species, birds, and mammals. During its early life stages, the mudfish is particularly vulnerable, and predation can significantly impact recruitment and population growth.

Diseases and Parasites: Diseases and parasites can also affect the Canterbury mudfish population. Microbial infections, such as fungal and bacterial diseases, can spread rapidly in the confined and stagnant waters where mudfish live. Furthermore, parasitic infestations can cause health issues, reduce the mudfish's ability to survive, and potentially contribute to population declines.

Interspecies Relationships: The Canterbury mudfish is known to interact with other native species in its environment. For instance, it often shares its habitat with species like the Canterbury galaxias (Galaxias vulgaris) and the giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus), coexisting in the same streams. These interactions can have positive or negative effects on the mudfish, such as competition, predator-prey relationships, or mutualistic interactions, influencing its overall survival and well-being.

Understanding these biotic factors and their interactions is essential for conservation and management efforts aimed at protecting the Canterbury mudfish and ensuring the long-term persistence of this unique and endangered species.