What happens to fish that are exposed pfiesteria?

Exposure to Pfiesteria can cause a variety of negative effects on fish, including:

Fish kills: Pfiesteria outbreaks can result in massive fish kills, affecting both wild and farmed fish populations. These fish kills can have significant ecological and economic impacts.

Lesions and sores: Fish exposed to Pfiesteria often develop skin lesions and sores, which can make them more susceptible to secondary infections.

Behavioral changes: Pfiesteria exposure can cause fish to exhibit abnormal behaviors, such as swimming in erratic patterns or becoming lethargic.

Immune system damage: Pfiesteria can compromise the immune system of fish, making them more susceptible to diseases and infections.

Reproductive problems: Pfiesteria exposure can affect the reproductive health of fish, leading to reduced fertility and reproductive failure.

Developmental abnormalities: In some cases, Pfiesteria exposure can cause developmental abnormalities in fish, such as skeletal deformities and eye damage.

In addition to these direct effects on fish, Pfiesteria outbreaks can also have indirect impacts on the ecosystem, such as disrupting food chains and altering nutrient cycling.