How is zakah distributed?

The distribution of zakah, the mandatory charitable contribution in Islam, follows specific guidelines laid out in Islamic texts and teachings. The recipients of zakah, known as the 'mustahiqqūn', are categorized into eight groups who deserve to receive this assistance based on their circumstances. These groups are mentioned in the Quranic verse (9:60):

1. The Poor (Al-Fuqara): Individuals who do not have enough means to fulfill their basic needs and fall below the poverty line.

2. The Needy (Al-Masakin): People who possess some resources but still require assistance to reach a comfortable standard of living.

3. Zakah Collectors (Al-'Amilun 'alaha): Individuals appointed to collect and administer zakah funds. They are entitled to compensation for their efforts, ensuring effective distribution.

4. Recent Converts (Al-Mu'allafatu Qulūbuhum): Newly converted Muslims who may need support to strengthen their faith and integrate into the Muslim community.

5. Debt-Ridden People (Al-Ghārimūn): Individuals struggling with heavy financial burdens, including debts incurred for legitimate purposes.

6. Struggling in God's Cause (Fī Sabīlillāh): People engaged in the cause of Allah, such as religious workers, educators, scholars, and those fighting for good, humanitarian purposes.

7. Wayfarers (Ibnus Sabīl): Travelers who are stranded, lost, or facing financial hardships during their journey, regardless of their faith or origin.

8. Freed Slaves (Ar-Riqāb): People who are newly freed from slavery or burdened by emancipation requirements.

Zakah distributions should aim to fulfill the basic needs of recipients, such as providing food, shelter, clothing, medical care, education, and debt relief. It is emphasized that zakah should be utilized to achieve social stability and support those in genuine need within the Muslim community. The distribution process should comply with the principles of equality, fairness, and transparency, prioritizing the most vulnerable.

Local organizations, governmental bodies, community leaders, and religious institutions in Muslim societies often play a role in the collection and distribution of zakah, ensuring responsible and effective resource allocation to those who genuinely deserve assistance.