What causes an uneven shape in a cake?

There are many reasons why a cake might have an uneven shape. Here are some of the most common:

Batter Issues:

* Uneven Mixing: Overmixing the batter can lead to gluten development, making the cake tough and prone to cracking. Undermixing can result in a cake that doesn't rise evenly.

* Over-Filling Pans: Filling pans too full can cause the cake to spill over the sides and create an uneven top.

* Incorrect Baking Temperature: Baking at too high a temperature can cause the cake to rise too quickly and unevenly, while baking at too low a temperature can lead to a dense and sunken cake.

* Inaccurate Measuring: Using inaccurate measuring cups or spoons can lead to an uneven batter consistency.

* Using Old Baking Powder or Baking Soda: These ingredients lose their potency over time, affecting the rise of the cake.

Pan Issues:

* Unprepared Pans: If the pan isn't greased and floured, the cake can stick and tear during removal, creating an uneven shape.

* Uneven Heating: Some pans may heat unevenly, causing the cake to bake unevenly.

* Incorrect Pan Size: Using the wrong pan size can lead to a cake that overflows or doesn't rise enough.

Oven Issues:

* Uneven Oven Temperature: An oven that doesn't heat evenly can result in uneven baking and a cake that rises unevenly.

* Oven Door Opened Too Early: Opening the oven door during baking can disrupt the heat and cause the cake to deflate.

Other Factors:

* Draft in the Kitchen: A draft can cool the cake unevenly, affecting its rise.

* Altitude: Baking at higher altitudes can cause cakes to rise too quickly and then deflate.

* Over-Beating Egg Whites: When making a cake with egg whites, over-beating them can create a dense, heavy batter that doesn't rise properly.

Troubleshooting:

* Check your recipe and make sure you're using the correct ingredients and measurements.

* Use a good quality oven thermometer to ensure your oven is at the correct temperature.

* Grease and flour your pans thoroughly before baking.

* Use a springform pan for cakes that require a smooth, even surface.

* Rotate the cake halfway through baking to ensure even cooking.

* Let the cake cool in the pan for a few minutes before inverting it onto a wire rack to cool completely.

If you continue to have trouble getting even cakes, experiment with different recipes and techniques until you find what works best for you.