Why is non-organic food less expensive than organic food?

Economies of scale: Non-organic farming is typically more efficient and can be done on a larger scale than organic farming, which allows for economies of scale that help to reduce costs. For example, non-organic farms can use larger machinery and more chemicals to help them produce more food with less labor, which can reduce their costs per unit of food produced.

Subsidies: In many countries, non-organic farming receives subsidies from the government, which can help to keep food prices low. These subsidies can be in the form of direct payments to farmers, tax breaks, or low-interest loans. Organic farmers typically do not receive these same subsidies, which can put them at a competitive disadvantage.

Regulations: Organic farming is subject to more regulations than non-organic farming, which can increase the costs of production. For example, organic farmers must use only approved organic seeds and fertilizers, and they must keep detailed records of their farming practices. Non-organic farmers have more flexibility in their farming practices, which can allow them to keep their costs down.