Why is the baking temperature for Italian bread higher than that challah?

It's not necessarily true that Italian bread is baked at a higher temperature than challah. The baking temperature for both breads can vary depending on the recipe and the baker's preference, but generally, the following is true:

Italian Bread:

* Higher oven temperature (400-450°F): This is because Italian bread often has a high hydration level (more water in the dough), which requires a high temperature to create a crispy crust and a light, airy interior.

* Shorter baking time: The higher temperature allows for faster baking and a well-developed crust.

Challah:

* Lower oven temperature (350-375°F): Challah dough is typically richer, with more eggs and sometimes even butter, which can burn at a higher temperature. This lower temperature allows for even browning and prevents the dough from drying out too quickly.

* Longer baking time: The lower temperature requires more time to bake the bread through and achieve a golden-brown crust.

In summary:

Both Italian bread and challah require different temperatures depending on their dough composition and desired results. While Italian bread often benefits from a higher temperature to achieve a crispy crust, challah's richer ingredients typically call for a lower temperature for even browning and a moist interior.