Is a toaster oven conduction or convection?

A toaster oven is both conduction and convection.

In a toaster oven, the heating elements are located at the top and bottom of the oven. When the oven is turned on, the heating elements heat up and transfer heat to the food by conduction. The hot air inside the oven also circulates around the food, transferring heat by convection. This combination of conduction and convection cooking allows food to cook evenly and quickly in a toaster oven.