What is the meaning of dietary buffering capacity?

Dietary buffering capacity (DBC) refers to the ability of certain foods or diets to counteract or neutralize the acid load generated from the digestion of other foods. It's a measure of the potential alkaline effect of a diet in reducing the acidity in the body.

DBC is typically expressed in milliequivalents (mEq) of alkaline substances per 100 grams (g) of food or per 1000 kilocalories (kcal) of the diet. The buffering capacity of a food is determined by the presence of alkaline compounds such as bicarbonate, citrate, and certain minerals (e.g., calcium, magnesium, and potassium).

Foods with high DBC have a greater potential to reduce acid load and maintain a more balanced acid-base equilibrium in the body. Consuming a diet with adequate buffering capacity is important for several reasons:

1. Acid-Base Balance: The body maintains a relatively narrow range of pH levels to ensure optimal function of biological processes. Excess acid load can disrupt this balance and lead to metabolic acidosis. DBC helps neutralize excess acids and maintain pH homeostasis.

2. Bone Health: Prolonged acid load can contribute to the leaching of calcium from bones to buffer acids, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and bone loss. A diet with adequate DBC can help mitigate this effect and preserve bone mineral density.

3. Kidney Function: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance. A high acid load can overwhelm the kidneys' capacity to excrete acids, leading to kidney stone formation and other renal complications. DBC can reduce the strain on the kidneys by neutralizing acids.

4. Muscle Health: Acidic environments can impair muscle function and performance. A diet with sufficient buffering capacity can help maintain a more favorable pH for muscle activity and reduce muscle fatigue.

5. Overall Health: Some studies have linked chronic low DBC to an increased risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet with adequate DBC may contribute to overall health and disease prevention.

Examples of foods with high dietary buffering capacity include fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and dairy products. Diets rich in these foods can help maintain a more alkaline environment and support overall health and well-being.