What ingredients are in red and white wine?

Both red and white wines are made from fermented grapes, but the differences in their production processes lead to different ingredients:

Red Wine:

* Grapes: Red grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, and Zinfandel.

* Yeast: Used to ferment the grape juice, converting sugar into alcohol.

* Tannins: These compounds give red wine its astringent, drying sensation. They are extracted from the grape skins, seeds, and stems during fermentation.

* Pigments: Anthocyanins, responsible for the red color, are also extracted from the grape skins during fermentation.

* Acids: Malic acid and tartaric acid, which contribute to the wine's flavor and acidity.

* Other Compounds: Small amounts of sugars, glycerol, and various other compounds that contribute to the wine's overall complexity.

White Wine:

* Grapes: White grape varieties, such as Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Grigio, and Moscato.

* Yeast: Used to ferment the grape juice, converting sugar into alcohol.

* Acids: Malic acid and tartaric acid, which contribute to the wine's flavor and acidity.

* Pigments: White wines have minimal pigments, as the skins are removed before fermentation.

* Other Compounds: Small amounts of sugars, glycerol, and various other compounds that contribute to the wine's overall complexity.

Differences in Ingredients:

* Color: Red wine gets its color from the anthocyanins extracted from the grape skins. White wine doesn't have these pigments.

* Tannins: Red wine contains tannins, which are extracted during fermentation. White wine has very low levels of tannins.

* Flavor: The difference in tannins and pigments leads to distinct flavor profiles. Red wines are typically fuller-bodied and more complex, while white wines are usually lighter and more fruit-forward.

Important Note: There are also some variations in the ingredients and processes used to make different types of red and white wines, depending on the grape variety, the region where the wine is made, and the specific winemaker's techniques.