What gas all of these produce acid rain on a limestone statue candle burning dog panting and fermenting grapes to make wine?

Here's why:

* Candle Burning: Burning candles releases CO2 as a byproduct of combustion.

* Dog Panting: While dogs exhale CO2 as part of respiration, the amount is relatively small compared to other sources. However, it's worth noting that CO2 contributes to acid rain regardless of the source.

* Fermenting Grapes to Make Wine: Fermentation is a process that releases CO2.

* Limestone Statue: Limestone statues don't produce CO2 themselves, but acid rain, which is caused by CO2 dissolving in water to form carbonic acid, can erode them.

How CO2 Causes Acid Rain:

1. CO2 in the Atmosphere: CO2 is released into the atmosphere through various human activities (like burning fossil fuels) and natural processes.

2. Dissolving in Water: When CO2 dissolves in rainwater, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), a weak acid.

3. Acid Rain: This carbonic acid, along with other acidic compounds like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are also released into the atmosphere, forms acid rain.

While CO2 alone is not the only culprit in acid rain, it's a significant contributor, and the processes you listed all release it.