Are jawless fish useful to man?

Jawless fish, which include lampreys and hagfish, have historically been considered as nuisance or even harmful species, but they have various potential benefits and uses to humans. Here are a few examples:

1. Medical Research:

Jawless fish, particularly lampreys, have drawn interest in medical research due to their unique anatomical features and evolutionary history. Their study can provide insights into developmental biology, comparative anatomy, and understanding human health. For instance, lampreys have been used to study the development of the vertebrate nervous system and immune system.

2. Fisheries and Food Source:

Some species of lampreys are caught for food in certain cultures. Lamprey dishes are considered a delicacy in regions of Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. They can be smoked, grilled, or cooked in various traditional recipes.

3. Bait and Pet Trade:

Lampreys and hagfish are sometimes used as bait for catching larger fish species, such as eels and cod. Additionally, some species of hagfish are kept in aquariums as exotic pets.

4. Leather and Other Products:

Historically, the skins of certain species of lampreys were used for making leather in some regions. While they are not widely used today, their collagen-rich skin has potential applications in the leather industry. Researchers have explored the possibility of utilizing hagfish skin for biomedical and industrial applications.

5. Indicators of Ecological Changes:

Jawless fish can also play an important role in understanding ecological changes and monitoring aquatic environments. Their presence or absence can provide insights into the overall health and diversity of aquatic ecosystems. Fluctuations in jawless fish populations can serve as early indicators of environmental disturbances or changes in water quality.

6. Cultural and Symbolic Significance:

Jawless fish have significant cultural and symbolic meanings in various societies. For instance, lampreys have strong cultural importance in indigenous communities, particularly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where they are regarded as sacred and feature in traditional ceremonies and stories.

7. Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds:

Research has shown that various species of jawless fish contain bioactive compounds with potential medicinal properties. These compounds include antioxidants, antimicrobial substances, and antitumor agents. However, further research is necessary to explore their full potential.

It's worth noting that while jawless fish do offer certain benefits, some species can also be considered pests due to their detrimental effects on fisheries and ecosystems. Proper management strategies are necessary to ensure sustainable interactions between humans and jawless fish populations.