Why do apples bruise when dropped?

When an apple is dropped, it experiences a sudden deceleration as it hits the ground. This deceleration causes the apple's cells to rupture, resulting in the formation of a bruise.

The extent of the bruising depends on a number of factors, including the height from which the apple is dropped, the surface it hits, and the ripeness of the apple. Harder surfaces, such as concrete, will cause more bruising than softer surfaces, such as grass. Ripened apples are more likely to bruise than unripened apples, as they are softer and more susceptible to damage.

Bruising can also be caused by other mechanical injuries, such as being squeezed or bumped. In some cases, bruising may be a sign of internal damage, such as a core rot or a worm infestation.

While bruises can be unsightly, they are generally not harmful to eat. However, if the bruise is severe, it may cause the apple to taste bitter or mealy. In some cases, bruises can also provide an entry point for bacteria and other pathogens, which can cause the apple to spoil.