What is the difference between beer and ale?

The terms "beer" and "ale" are often used interchangeably, but there is a technical difference between them:

Ale:

* Fermentation: Ale uses top-fermenting yeast. This means the yeast rises to the top of the wort (unfermented beer) during fermentation, resulting in a shorter fermentation time (typically 1-3 weeks) and a higher final gravity (more residual sugar).

* Flavor Profile: Ales tend to have a more fruity, malty flavor with a slightly higher alcohol content than lagers. They often have a higher bitterness due to the use of hops.

* Examples: IPA, Pale Ale, Stout, Porter, Wheat Beer

Beer:

* Fermentation: Beer is a broader category that encompasses both ales and lagers.

* Lagers: Lagers use bottom-fermenting yeast. This means the yeast settles to the bottom of the wort during fermentation, resulting in a longer fermentation time (typically 4-8 weeks) and a lower final gravity (less residual sugar).

* Flavor Profile: Lagers tend to have a cleaner, more crisp flavor with a lower alcohol content than ales.

* Examples: Pilsner, Lager, Dunkel, Bock

In summary:

* All ales are beers, but not all beers are ales.

* The primary difference is the type of yeast used in fermentation, which affects the flavor, alcohol content, and fermentation time.

It's important to note that there is some overlap and variation within these categories, and some beers might blur the lines between ales and lagers. For example, some beers use a blend of top- and bottom-fermenting yeasts.