Why do people vomit after drunk alcohol?

Vomiting after drinking alcohol is a result of the body's response to the toxic effects of alcohol. Here's a detailed explanation of the physiological mechanisms behind this phenomenon:

1. Alcohol Absorption and Metabolism:

- When you drink alcohol, it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach and intestines.

- The liver is responsible for metabolizing (breaking down) alcohol into non-toxic substances.

- However, the liver has a limited capacity to process alcohol, and when the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's ability to metabolize it, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rises.

2. Central Nervous System (CNS) Effects:

- Alcohol acts as a depressant on the CNS, affecting various brain functions.

- It specifically impacts the part of the brain called the "vomiting center," located in the medulla oblongata.

3. Stimulation of the Vomiting Center:

- As the BAC rises, alcohol affects the vomiting center by:

- Irritating the gastrointestinal tract, leading to nausea.

- Disrupting the normal communication between the brain and the digestive system, causing signals for vomiting to be triggered.

4. Gastrointestinal Effects:

- Alcohol also directly stimulates the lining of the stomach and small intestine, leading to:

- Increased production of gastric secretions (stomach acid) and digestive enzymes.

- Irritation and inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

5. Reflex Vomiting:

- The combination of these effects, such as nausea, stomach irritation, and CNS depression, triggers the reflex vomiting response.

6. Protective Mechanism:

- Vomiting after drinking alcohol is a natural protective mechanism to expel the toxic substance (alcohol) from the body and prevent further damage.

7. Dehydration:

- Alcohol also causes dehydration, which can worsen the symptoms of nausea and vomiting.

It's important to note that individual factors such as age, gender, weight, overall health, and drinking habits can influence the likelihood of vomiting after alcohol consumption. Additionally, the type of alcoholic beverage and the amount consumed play a role.

In cases of excessive alcohol consumption, severe dehydration, or if you are experiencing persistent vomiting or other concerning symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention.