How was farming accomplished before technology?

- Using simple tools like hoes, digging sticks, or plows pulled by animals, farmers prepared the land for planting by clearing vegetation and tilling the soil.

- Traditional irrigation methods, such as canals, reservoirs, and water wheels, were used to provide water to the crops.

2. Planting and growing:

- Farmers used seeds from previous harvests or wild plants to grow their crops.

- They planted seeds by broadcasting them over the prepared soil, or by using simple tools to make holes for each seed.

- Traditional techniques like crop rotation and companion planting helped maintain soil fertility and reduce pest problems.

3. Harvesting and processing:

- When the crops were ripe, farmers harvested them using sickles, scythes, or other hand-held tools.

- Harvested crops were then processed, such as threshing (separating the grains from the stalks), winnowing (separating the grains from the chaff), and milling (grinding the grains into flour).

4. Storage:

- To ensure a steady supply of food, farmers stored their harvested crops in various ways.

- They used traditional storage methods like granaries, underground pits, or woven baskets to keep the crops safe from pests and moisture.

- Techniques such as drying, smoking, or preserving in oil or salt were used to extend the shelf life of the crops.

5. Livestock farming:

- In addition to crop cultivation, many traditional farming practices also included raising livestock.

- Animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and poultry were kept for meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products.

- Animals also provided labor for transportation and plowing in some agricultural systems.

6. Community and cooperation:

- Farming communities relied on cooperation and shared knowledge for successful agriculture.

- Activities such as land preparation, planting, harvesting, and processing were often done collectively by the community.

- Traditional festivals, rituals, and ceremonies were connected to farming practices and the agricultural cycle.

These traditional farming practices evolved over centuries, adapting to local climate, soil conditions, and available resources. They demonstrate the ingenuity and resourcefulness of farmers in producing food without the use of modern technology.