How does chicken lay egg with no fertilisation?

Hens can lay eggs without being fertilised by a rooster. These eggs are called "unfertilised eggs" or "infertile eggs". Laying unfertilised eggs is a natural occurrence in the reproductive cycle of hens, and it does not require the involvement of a male rooster.

The process of egg-laying in hens is controlled by hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. When a hen reaches sexual maturity, her body starts producing these hormones, which stimulate the development and release of eggs from the ovaries. This process is independent of fertilisation by a rooster.

Here's a simplified overview of how hens lay eggs without fertilisation:

Ovary Development: Hens have two ovaries, each containing thousands of immature ova (egg cells).

Ovulation: Under the influence of hormones, mature ova are released from the ovary into the oviduct, a long tube-like structure in the hen's reproductive system.

Yolk Formation: As the ovum travels through the oviduct, it becomes surrounded by layers of yolk material, which provide nourishment for the developing embryo.

Albumen (Egg White) Formation: The ovum then enters the section of the oviduct where albumen (egg white) is secreted around it, forming multiple layers.

Shell Formation: Further along the oviduct, the ovum enters the shell gland or uterus. Here, layers of calcium carbonate are deposited around the egg, forming the hard eggshell.

Laying: Once the eggshell is formed, the fully developed egg is laid out of the hen's body through the vent.

Unfertilised eggs are complete and structurally similar to fertilised eggs but do not contain a developing embryo. They are still viable for consumption and can be used in cooking and other culinary applications just like fertilised eggs.

It's important to note that while hens can lay unfertilised eggs on their own, they require a rooster for successful fertilisation if the goal is to produce chicks for hatching and breeding purposes.