What does forage fish eat?

Forage fish are a diverse group, so their diet varies depending on the species and its habitat. However, generally speaking, forage fish are opportunistic feeders that eat a wide variety of small organisms, including:

* Plankton: This includes both phytoplankton (tiny plants) and zooplankton (tiny animals) like copepods, krill, and other small invertebrates.

* Other small fish: They often prey on smaller fish species, including larvae and juveniles.

* Insects: They may also consume insects, especially those that live on or near the water's surface.

* Worms: Some forage fish species are known to eat worms, especially those that live in sediment.

Specific examples:

* Herring: Eat zooplankton, crustaceans, and small fish.

* Sardines: Eat phytoplankton, zooplankton, and small fish.

* Menhaden: Primarily eat phytoplankton, but also consume zooplankton and small fish.

* Anchovies: Feed on plankton and small fish.

* Capelin: Primarily consume zooplankton, but also eat small fish and squid.

The key point is that forage fish are vital links in the marine food web. They consume small organisms and convert them into larger, more energy-rich prey for larger fish, birds, marine mammals, and even humans.