What are the favorable climatic conditions for growing coffee?

Temperature:

* Ideal range: 15-24°C (59-75°F)

* Minimum temperature: 10°C (50°F)

* Maximum temperature: 30°C (86°F)

* Frost intolerant: Coffee plants are very sensitive to frost, which can damage or kill the plant.

Rainfall:

* Average annual rainfall: 1,500-2,000 mm (59-79 inches)

* Distribution: Evenly distributed throughout the year or a distinct wet season.

* Dry season: A short, dry season (2-3 months) can improve the bean's flavor.

Altitude:

* Ideal range: 600-2,000 meters (2,000-6,500 feet)

* Higher altitudes: Produce beans with higher acidity and a more complex flavor.

* Lower altitudes: May result in faster growth but lower quality beans.

Sunlight:

* Partial shade: Coffee plants prefer dappled sunlight, especially during their early growth stages.

* Full sun: Can lead to stress and lower yield.

Soil:

* Well-drained: Coffee plants need soil that drains well to prevent root rot.

* Rich in organic matter: For optimal nutrient availability.

* Slightly acidic: pH range of 5.5-6.5 is ideal.

Other factors:

* Humidity: Moderate humidity is beneficial.

* Wind protection: Strong winds can damage the plants.

* Adequate air circulation: To prevent fungal diseases.

Note:

These conditions are general guidelines. Specific varieties of coffee plants may have slightly different requirements. Additionally, climate change is impacting coffee cultivation, leading to challenges like drought and pest infestations.

Coffee farmers around the world are adapting to these changes by implementing sustainable practices like shade-grown coffee, water conservation, and organic farming.