Who were Bourbon Democrats?

The term "Bourbon Democrats" refers to a faction within the Democratic Party in the late 19th century, primarily in the South. They were named after the House of Bourbon, which ruled France before the French Revolution, as a way of implying a similar adherence to tradition and a resistance to change.

Here are some key characteristics of the Bourbon Democrats:

Political Beliefs:

* White Supremacy: They were staunchly opposed to racial equality and supported Jim Crow laws that enforced segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans.

* Economic Conservatism: They favored limited government intervention in the economy and opposed policies like social welfare programs or regulation of businesses.

* State's Rights: They believed in the supremacy of states' rights over federal authority, often using this argument to oppose federal attempts to regulate the South or protect civil rights.

* Opposition to Reconstruction: They resented the period of Reconstruction following the Civil War and actively sought to undo its reforms, particularly those aimed at enfranchising African Americans.

* Support for Landowners: They tended to represent the interests of large landowners and opposed efforts to redistribute land to former slaves or to enact policies that favored small farmers.

Historical Context:

* The Bourbon Democrats emerged after the Reconstruction era, during a period of economic and social upheaval in the South.

* They largely represented the old planter class and sought to reassert their power and dominance.

* They were opposed by a more progressive wing of the Democratic Party, which advocated for some level of economic and social change.

* Their influence began to wane in the early 20th century, particularly after the rise of the Populist movement and the increasing national focus on civil rights.

Notable Bourbon Democrats:

* "Redeemer" politicians: These were Southern Democrats who helped to overthrow Republican Reconstruction governments in the South and reassert white control. Some notable examples include Wade Hampton III of South Carolina and Benjamin Tillman of South Carolina.

* "Bourbon" Governors: These were governors who supported policies that favored the wealthy and limited government intervention in the economy. Some examples include Francis W. Pickens of South Carolina and John B. Gordon of Georgia.

While the term "Bourbon Democrats" has largely fallen out of use, it remains a significant label in understanding the complex history of race, politics, and economics in the American South during the late 19th century.